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Association Between Neonatal Neuroimaging and Clinical Outcomes in Zika-Exposed Infants From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection often leads to abnormal infant neuroimaging, particularly with first-trimester exposure. These findings correlate with severe ZIKV infection and specific clinical outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection presents with diverse clinical and neuroradiographic findings.
  • Understanding the link between ZIKV exposure and infant outcomes is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between neuroimaging findings in ZIKV-exposed infants and their clinical outcomes.
  • To determine if antenatal ZIKV infection timing influences neuroimaging results and infant health.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 110 ZIKV-exposed infants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Analysis of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans for structural abnormalities and brain injury.
  • Correlation of neuroimaging findings with clinical outcomes and maternal ZIKV infection trimester.

Main Results:

  • 71% of ZIKV-exposed infants exhibited abnormal neuroimaging, predominantly severe ZIKV infection.
  • Common abnormalities included brain calcifications, malformations, ventriculomegaly, and reduced brain volumes.
  • First-trimester maternal ZIKV exposure significantly increased the odds of abnormal neuroimaging (OR, 7.9).

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging abnormalities are frequent in infants with congenital Zika virus infection.
  • Abnormalities are strongly associated with clinically severe ZIKV and first-trimester maternal exposure.
  • Neuroimaging plays a vital role in assessing congenital ZIKV infection severity and prognosis.