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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins PICUP Applied to Amyloidogenic Peptides
Published on: January 12, 2009
Ruthenium-cross-linked hydrogels for rapid, visible-light protein release
Teresa L Rapp1, Ivan J Dmochowski1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Abstract:
Ruthenium (Ru) polypyridyl complexes are described that present chemically reactive moieties on one or two photolabile ligands for engineering photoresponsive molecules or materials. Ru-cross-linkers can form hydrogels, with proteins or other biomolecules embedded. In this way, the protein is "caged" until released with light. By varying the coordinated ligands, Ru-cross-linkers have 1-photon absorption maxima that are tunable across the visible spectrum and into the near-infrared, which enables photoactivation at multiple, different wavelengths (i.e., multiplexing).
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