Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026
05:25
Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
Published on: March 29, 2019
9.9K
Studying executive functions in senior preschoolers
Alexander Veraksa1, Olga Almazova1, Daria Bukhalenkova1
1Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Psych Journal
|August 3, 2019
Summary
This study found that preschool girls exhibit more varied development across executive functions, including inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, compared to boys. A three-factor model best explained these executive function connections.
Area of Science:
- Developmental psychology
- Cognitive neuroscience
Background:
- Executive functions (EF) are crucial for cognitive development and academic success.
- Understanding the interrelations between EF components is vital for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the connections between inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in preschool children.
- To investigate potential sex differences in the developmental trajectories of EF components.
Main Methods:
- A sample of 1,075 preschool children in Moscow participated.
- Statistical analyses, including factor analysis, were employed to examine EF interrelations.
- Heterochronicity in EF component levels was assessed.
Main Results:
- Results indicated greater heterochronicity in executive function component levels for girls compared to boys.
- Factor analysis supported a three-factor model, suggesting distinct but related EF components.
- Specific patterns of association between inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were identified.
Conclusions:
- Preschool girls may show more diverse developmental patterns in executive functions than boys.
- The findings support a multi-component model of executive functions in early childhood.
- Further research is warranted to explore the implications of these sex differences in EF development.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests
382
Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
382
02:45Functional Groups
87.8K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
87.8K
02:45Functional Groups
24.2K
24.2K
01:11Functionalism
2.5K
William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce were instrumental in founding functional psychology, which draws heavily from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory suggests that individual traits, including behaviors, are adapted to their environments through natural selection. At the heart of functionalism is the concept of adaptation, meaning that a trait enhances an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.
James envisioned psychology's...
James envisioned psychology's...
2.5K
01:58Mechanical Protein Functions
5.5K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.
5.5K
01:56Structural Protein Function
29.8K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
29.8K