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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Cognitive and brain reserve in multiple sclerosis--A cross-sectional study.

Parthena Ifantopoulou1, Artemios K Artemiadis2, Christos Bakirtzis3

  • 1Department of Neurology, NIMTS Hospital, Monis Petraki 10-12, GR 11521, Athens, Greece; The Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilp. Kyriakidi 1, GR 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
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PubMed
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Cognitive reserve and brain reserve protect memory function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even when accounting for disease burden. Interventions to enhance cognitive reserve may help prevent cognitive impairment in MS.

Keywords:
CognitiveImpairmentMRIMSReserve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment (CI) affects 40-70% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with disease burden explaining only partial variance.
  • The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis suggests individual differences in cognitive capacity may buffer against neurological damage.
  • Previous studies confirmed CR in MS but lacked comprehensive CR indices and clinically relevant assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate findings on the protective effects of CR and brain reserve (BR) in MS.
  • To collectively examine CR indices and utilize clinically relevant neuropsychological assessments.
  • To investigate the moderating role of CR and BR on cognitive function in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 141 MS patients (128 RRMS, 13 SPMS).
  • CR assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq); BR by intracranial volume.
  • Neuropsychological assessment via the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS); MRI for volumetric imaging.

Main Results:

  • CR significantly moderated the association between grey matter volumes and verbal memory.
  • BR moderated the effect of total brain volume on verbal memory.
  • Disability and depression showed significant negative correlations with cognitive scores.

Conclusions:

  • CR and BR primarily offer protection for memory function in MS.
  • Composite CR measures and clinically oriented assessments confirm the protective role of CR and BR.
  • Future research should focus on interventions to enhance CR for preventing CI in MS.