Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.0K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.0K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.3K
3.3K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

194.9K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
194.9K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.0K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.4K
3.4K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

One-step cleavage and purification: a bifunctional IdeS-Protein A fusion protein for on-column generation of antibody fragments.

mAbs·2026
Same author

Correction: MiR‑17 and miR‑19 cooperatively promote skeletal muscle cell differentiation.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

Isoastragaloside I improves hyperglycaemia and increases β-cell mass in mice.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2025
Same author

Copper is essential for cyclin B1-mediated CDK1 activation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The impact of aflatoxin B1 on animal health: Metabolic processes, detection methods, and preventive measures.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology·2025
Same author

Hippo-YAP signaling alleviates copper-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage via the ATOX1-PPA2 pathway.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2024
Same journal

Tissue MicroRNAs in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Studies in Human Myocardium and Animal Models with Implications for Post-Mortem Molecular Diagnostics.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Genetic Variants and Dental Caries Susceptibility: An Umbrella Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Generative AI and Language Models in Human Genetics and Health: From Variant Interpretation to Clinical Decision Support.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Familial White-Sutton Syndrome Caused by a Pathogenic POGZ p.Arg508* Variant: Intrafamilial Variability from Childhood to Adulthood.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Genetic Influence on LDL-Cholesterol Levels: Role of Polygenic Risk Scores and Lp(a) Beyond Monogenic Hypercholesterolemia.

Genes·2026
Same journal

THBS1 as a Key Regulator of Myoblasts: Validation of Its Inhibitory Roles in Skeletal Muscle Development.

Genes·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

10.4K

Common Carp mef2 Genes: Evolution and Expression.

Mei He1,2,3, Di Zhou2, Nai-Zheng Ding3

  • 1National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.

Genes
|August 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene evolution and expression in carp. They discovered a new notochord expression site and proposed a novel evolutionary scenario involving genome duplication events.

Keywords:
Cyprinus carpioMEF2evolutionexpressionohnologs

More Related Videos

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

16.0K
Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
11:04

Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

Published on: November 30, 2015

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

10.4K
Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

16.0K
Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
11:04

Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

Published on: November 30, 2015

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family, part of the MADS-box superfamily, includes four vertebrate subfamilies (MEF2A-D).
  • Multiple MEF2 genes exist in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), but their embryonic expression and evolutionary history in fish remain largely unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary relationships and embryonic expression patterns of MEF2 genes in the common carp.
  • To propose a new evolutionary scenario for MEF2 gene diversification in vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Gene cloning to obtain coding information for C. carpio mef2ca2 and mef2d1.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and conserved synteny analysis of MEF2 genes.
  • Whole-mount in situ hybridization to examine embryonic expression patterns of C. carpio MEF2 genes.

Main Results:

  • Completed coding information for C. carpio mef2ca2 and mef2d1; identified mosaic sequences suggesting recombination.
  • Proposed a new evolutionary model where MEF2B and other vertebrate subfamilies arose from a single ancestor via two whole genome duplication events.
  • Identified the notochord as a novel expression site for most C. carpio MEF2 genes during embryogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides new insights into the evolution and expression of MEF2 genes in vertebrates, particularly in fish.
  • The findings highlight the role of whole genome duplication events in the diversification of transcription factor families.
  • The identification of the notochord as a new MEF2 expression site contributes to understanding developmental roles in carp embryogenesis.