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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Precision Medicine for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Matthew Light1, Robert L Owens1, Christopher N Schmickl1
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive #7381, La Jolla, CA 92037-7381, USA.
Abstract:
Increasingly, obstructive sleep apnea treatment is being recognized as amenable to a precision medicine approach. Many pathophysiologic mechanisms (endotypes) beyond anatomic compromise have now been identified and are readily determined during polysomnography, although randomized controlled trials of endotype-specific therapies are needed. Research indicates that endotypes may also be important in predicting both adherence to therapy and disease consequences (phenotypes). Biomarker discovery and Big Data approaches derived from wearable technology are areas of active investigation and may allow more robust conclusions to be drawn over time, such that patients may soon fully realize the benefits from fresh insights into sleep science.
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