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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health
Published on: October 9, 2017
Sodium pheophorbide a has photoactivated fungicidal activity against Pestalotiopsis neglecta
Yang Jing1, Lin Lian-Nan1, Zhang Xiao-Bo1
1Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
Abstract:
Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a natural photosensitizer. To explore its antifungal activity and mechanism, we studied its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis neglecta. We used sorbitol, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and electron microscopy to determine its effects on cell wall integrity, cell membrane lipid peroxidation and mycelial morphology. Finally, the effects of SPA on enzyme activity in mycelia were determined. The results showed that SPA effectively inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of P. neglecta under light conditions (4000 lx, 24 h). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SPA treatment resulted in a roughened, twisted and knotted mycelial surface and abnormal mycelial growth. SPA influenced cell wall integrity, and the content of MDA, a cell membrane lipid peroxidation product was significantly increased (P < 0.05). SPA also significantly inhibited SOD, POD and PG activity, but enhanced PPO activity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SPA may have potential to become a biological pesticide.
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