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Published on: April 22, 2015
Autism spectrum disorder: early identification and management in primary care
Li Ping Marianne Tsang1, Choon How How2,3, Sita Padmini Yeleswarapu4
1SingHealth Polyclinics - Punggol, Singapore.
Insights
Family physicians should screen for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during child check-ups. Early detection and intervention, guided by developmental milestones, significantly improve outcomes for children with ASD.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Child Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
- Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving functional outcomes in children with ASD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the role of family physicians in opportunistic and scheduled screening for ASD.
- To identify key early warning signs of ASD in young children.
Main Methods:
- Opportunistic screening during acute care visits.
- Scheduled screening during well-child assessments.
- Monitoring developmental milestones for early ASD indicators.
Main Results:
- Key early warning signs include lack of social gestures at 12 months, no single words at 18 months, and no spontaneous two-word phrases or interest in peers at 24 months.
- Prompt referral to specialist centers is recommended for suspected cases.
Conclusions:
- Family physicians play a vital role in the early identification of ASD.
- Timely referral for multidisciplinary assessment and diagnosis facilitates early intervention, leading to better outcomes.
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. Early detection and early intervention programmes improve functional outcomes. Family physicians should screen for ASD opportunistically when children attend clinics for acute issues and during scheduled well-child assessments. Early warning signs of ASD include the lack of social gestures at 12 months, using no meaningful single words at 18 months, and having no interest in other children or no spontaneous two-word phrases at 24 months. Children with suspected ASD should be referred to appropriate specialist centres as early as possible for multidisciplinary assessment and diagnosis.
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