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Are Effect Sizes in Emotional Intelligence Field Declining? A Meta-Meta Analysis.

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Summary

Emotional intelligence (EI) research shows declining effect sizes over time, particularly in mixed EI models, suggesting overestimation rather than true decline. Ability EI shows no such decline.

Keywords:
ability emotional intelligencedecline effectsemotional intelligencemixed emotional intelligencereplicability crisis

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Emotional intelligence (EI) research has grown since its inception in 1990.
  • EI is a significant predictor of job performance and mental health.
  • Concerns exist regarding declining effect sizes in EI research over time.

Approach:

  • Analyzed 484 effect sizes from 102,579 participants across nine meta-analyses.
  • Estimated average effect sizes for EI and its sub-types (mixed and ability).
  • Investigated evidence for decline effects in the field.

Key Points:

  • Overall average effect size for EI is 0.244.
  • Mixed EI (r = 0.272) shows a significantly higher average effect size than ability EI (r = 0.160).
  • Decline effects were observed in the overall EI field and mixed EI, but not in ability EI.

Conclusions:

  • Decline effects in EI are mainly attributed to the choice of EI model and measurement methods.
  • Overestimation of effect sizes in original mixed EI studies likely explains the observed decline.
  • Ability EI research appears more robust against decline effects.