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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Reprogramming the Epigenome With Vitamin C.

Taylor Lee Chong1, Emily L Ahearn1, Luisa Cimmino1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin C aids in reprogramming cells to pluripotency by enhancing epigenetic modifications. This vitamin also supports regenerative medicine and shows promise in treating cancers linked to epigenetic changes.

Keywords:
Jumonji CTETcancerstem cell reprogrammingvitamin C

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Epigenetic modification erasure is crucial for somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is vital for epigenetic remodeling, boosting histone and DNA demethylase activity.
  • Vitamin C deficiency is linked to accelerated cancer progression and epigenetic dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Vitamin C in epigenetic reprogramming for iPSC generation.
  • To explore Vitamin C's impact on stem cell differentiation plasticity for regenerative medicine.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of Vitamin C in targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of Vitamin C on Jumonji-C domain-containing histone demethylases (JHDMs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins.
  • Assessed Vitamin C's influence on the differentiation plasticity of iPSC-derived tissue-specific stem cells.
  • Examined the role of Vitamin C in modulating aberrant histone and DNA methylation patterns in cancer models.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin C enhances the activity of key epigenetic modifying enzymes (JHDMs and TETs).
  • Vitamin C improves the quality and differentiation plasticity of iPSC-derived stem cells.
  • Vitamin C administration shows potential in targeting cancer-associated epigenetic dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin C is essential for efficient epigenetic reprogramming and maintaining stem cell pluripotency.
  • Vitamin C holds significant promise for regenerative medicine applications and cancer therapy by modulating epigenetics.