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Related Concept Videos

Affinity Chromatography01:03

Affinity Chromatography

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Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It capitalizes on the highly selective binding between an analyte and its counterpart, such as antibody-antigen interactions. The counterpart is immobilized on the stationary phase, forming an affinity column. The stationary phase typically consists of solid support, such as agarose or porous glass beads, immobilizing the affinity ligand. The mobile...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

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Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
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Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Affinity and Avidity01:41

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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
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Advances with weak affinity chromatography for fragment screening.

Fotios Tsopelas1, Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou2

  • 1Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , Athens , Greece.

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Weak Affinity Chromatography (WAC) is a sensitive tool for fragment screening in drug discovery, offering advantages for analyzing weak-affinity compounds. Further development and commercialization could increase its adoption.

Keywords:
Fragment screeningdrug binding to protein targetsdrug discoverylipodiskweak affinity chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery and Development

Background:

  • Fragment screening accelerates drug discovery by analyzing compounds with weak affinity.
  • Sensitive analytical tools are crucial for detecting these weak interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available fragment screening techniques, with a focus on Weak Affinity Chromatography (WAC).
  • To detail the principles, preparation methods, advantages, and limitations of WAC.
  • To compare WAC with other established fragment screening methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of affinity chromatography evolution to Weak Affinity Chromatography (WAC).
  • Description of column preparation for soluble protein immobilization.
  • Discussion of lipodisc development for membrane protein incorporation.
  • Comparative analysis of WAC against other fragment screening techniques.

Main Results:

  • WAC is a suitable technique for fragment screening, particularly when enhanced with mass spectrometry for higher throughput.
  • Current limitations include the need for in-house column preparation.
  • WAC has not yet achieved widespread application despite its potential.

Conclusions:

  • Commercialization of pre-prepared columns for WAC could significantly boost its application.
  • Further research is needed on immobilizing membrane proteins using lipodisks.
  • More comparative data between WAC and other methods is required for broader adoption.