Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cell with Fe³⁺ Doped TiO₂ Layer

Recently, single-crystal silicon solar cells have achieved efficiencies of 25%. However, their production is energy-demanding and relatively expensive. Therefore, photovoltaic cells based on organic- inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their high conversion efficiencies, simple preparation, and potentially low production costs. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe³⁺ doped into a compact and mesoporous layer of TiO₂ on the efficiency of the resultant perovskite solar cell (PSC). The efficiencies achieved for PSCs with Fe³⁺/TiO₂ were higher than those for cells with pure TiO₂ nanoparticles. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and current-voltage measurements. The photoelectrode PSC exhibited a high light-to-electric-energy conversion efficiency under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW/cm² (AM 1.5). Our results suggest that Fe³⁺ nanoparticles in the TiO₂ layer may contribute to the performance improvement of the PSC.