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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Thermal Strain01:19

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Laser thermal ablation in epilepsy.

Sanjeet S Grewal1, William O Tatum2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) offers a minimally invasive surgical option for drug-resistant epilepsy, showing outcomes comparable to open surgery with fewer complications. Future improvements focus on intraoperative biomarkers and patient selection for enhanced care.

Keywords:
Stereotacticablationepilepsyinterstitiallaserseizuressurgerytherapythermal

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Drug-resistant epilepsy presents significant challenges for patient management.
  • Traditional open surgical interventions carry risks of complications.
  • Minimally invasive techniques are sought to improve seizure control and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for various epilepsy types.
  • To discuss the role of MRgLITT in treating temporal lobe epilepsy, nodular heterotopias, hypothalamic hamartomas, and corpus callosotomy.
  • To highlight advancements in real-time thermal monitoring and future directions for MRgLITT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MRgLITT for epilepsy treatment.
  • Analysis of outcomes for different epilepsy etiologies treated with MRgLITT.
  • Discussion of technological advancements, including magnetic resonance thermography.

Main Results:

  • MRgLITT demonstrates promising seizure outcomes, comparable to traditional open epilepsy surgery.
  • The procedure offers a potentially safer side-effect profile compared to open surgical methods.
  • Magnetic resonance thermography enables real-time monitoring of thermal tissue destruction.

Conclusions:

  • MRgLITT is an effective and potentially safer alternative for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Advancements in intraoperative monitoring and patient selection are crucial for optimizing MRgLITT outcomes.
  • Individualized neurological care for epilepsy can be enhanced through advanced techniques like MRgLITT.