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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
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Fundamentals of Preoperative Task Functional Brain Mapping.

Chris J Conklin1,2, Devon M Middleton1, Feroze B Mohamed1

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.

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|August 7, 2019
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Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging quantifies regional blood flow changes using hemoglobin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging measures regional blood flow changes.
  • Hemoglobin's paramagnetic properties enable BOLD signal detection.
  • BOLD imaging is crucial for task-based functional brain mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the physiologic basis of BOLD imaging.
  • To outline technical aspects of BOLD data acquisition and processing.
  • To facilitate BOLD imaging for neurosurgical planning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing echo planar imaging (EPI) readout schemes for BOLD data acquisition.
  • Correlating time-dependent BOLD signal changes with specific tasks.
  • Implementing rigorous image processing for surgical applications.

Main Results:

  • BOLD imaging provides statistical mapping of task-associated brain regions.
  • EPI sequences are widely available on clinical scanners.
  • Additional hardware and processing are essential for accurate BOLD analysis.

Conclusions:

  • BOLD imaging is a valuable tool for pre-neurosurgical planning.
  • Understanding BOLD physiology and technical requirements is key for clinical use.
  • This manuscript serves as a guide for acquiring and processing BOLD data in surgical contexts.