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Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy
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Case-Based Review: meningioma.

Shannon E Fogh1, Derek R Johnson1, Fred G Barker1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.).

Neuro-Oncology Practice
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Meningiomas, common brain tumors, vary widely in behavior. Identifying asymptomatic patients avoids unnecessary treatment, while aggressive tumors require surgery or radiation therapy.

Keywords:
chemotherapymeningiomaradiationradiosurgerysurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults.
  • Tumor behavior exhibits significant variability, ranging from asymptomatic incidental findings to aggressive high-grade neoplasms.
  • Effective management requires distinguishing between indolent and aggressive tumor types to tailor treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of meningioma behavior and treatment options.
  • To highlight the importance of personalized treatment based on tumor grade and patient presentation.
  • To identify areas for future research in meningioma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on meningioma diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of the role of surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
  • Discussion of prognostic factors and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Surgical resection extent is a key factor correlating with prognosis.
  • Radiation therapy (external beam or stereotactic radiosurgery) is a valuable adjunct or alternative to surgery.
  • Currently, no chemotherapeutic agents have proven efficacy, with chemotherapy reserved for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment for meningioma is complex and individualized due to tumor heterogeneity.
  • Further research is needed to optimize radiation use in WHO grade II meningiomas and explore novel chemotherapy agents.