Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.0K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.4K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.6K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

5.0K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Porous material engineering through synthesis for smart sensor systems.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

Isotropic ZnSe Shell Growth for Uniform-Shaped Green InP Quantum Dots With Tunable Size and Absorption.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

LTPO-based pixel circuit with highly uniform luminance and low flicker for variable refresh rate in AMOLED displays.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Integration of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes and Charge Trap Thin-Film Transistor Arrays for Memory-In-Pixel Applications.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Advanced power structure for enhanced optical performance of AMOLED displays at low luminance levels.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Photo-driven color-conversion display based on a thermochromic-liquid-crystal and carbon-nanotube film.

RSC advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.1K

Self-Emitting Artificial Cilia Produced by Field Effect Spinning.

Woohyun Jeong1, Sang-Mi Jeong2, Taekyung Lim2

  • 1Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17035 , Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed artificial cilia using field effect spinning (FES) for advanced sensing. These polymer-based structures mimic natural cilia, enabling precise control and new sensor applications.

Keywords:
artificial ciliafield effect spinningnature-inspired technologyself-emittingvertically grown fiber

More Related Videos

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.7K
Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.1K
Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.7K
Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
08:07

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomimetic Systems

Background:

  • Natural cilia provide essential motor and sensory functions for cellular adaptation.
  • Developing artificial cilia offers potential for high-performance, flexible sensing technologies.
  • Existing fiber spinning methods lack precise control over fiber orientation and uniformity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production of artificial cilia using various polymer materials via field effect spinning (FES).
  • To explore the controlled fabrication of vertically aligned, uniform artificial cilia arrays.
  • To demonstrate the potential applications of these artificial cilia in sensing and emission.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the field effect spinning (FES) method to grow artificial cilia from diverse polymer solutions.
  • Controlled cilia dimensions (length, diameter) by adjusting precursor concentration, electric parameters, and needle tip geometry.
  • Fabricated polymer-quantum dot hybrid cilia for light emission and polymer-polymer composite cilia for humidity sensing.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced vertically aligned, uniform artificial cilia arrays using FES, overcoming limitations of traditional spinning methods.
  • Demonstrated tunable control over artificial cilia dimensions through process parameter optimization.
  • Characterized red, green, and blue light emission from polymer-quantum dot hybrid cilia and fabricated a functional humidity sensor.

Conclusions:

  • Field effect spinning (FES) is an effective method for fabricating versatile artificial cilia from various polymers.
  • These artificial cilia exhibit controllable dimensions and functionalities, including light emission and humidity sensing.
  • The developed artificial cilia hold promise for advanced, high-performance sensing applications.