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Physical flow effects can dictate plankton population dynamics.

J R Woodward1, J W Pitchford2, M A Bees1

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Ocean currents can segregate plankton species due to differing physical traits. This physical forcing influences plankton bloom dynamics, impacting harmful algal bloom (HAB) formation and oceanic population dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Physical oceanography
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Oceanic flows do not always mix planktonic species effectively.
  • Differences in organismal physical and hydrodynamic properties can lead to species segregation.
  • This physical heterogeneity can significantly impact population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how circulating fluid flows, with varying inertia effects on phytoplankton and zooplankton, alter plankton bloom dynamics.
  • To understand the implications for the initiation and development of harmful algal blooms (HABs).

Main Methods:

  • Detailed spatio-temporal dynamics analysis for specific scenarios.
  • Use of spatially averaged bifurcation diagrams to summarize large-scale behavior.
  • Modeling of plankton populations under different fluid flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Fluid flow can induce plankton blooms and population dynamics distinct from well-mixed systems.
  • Across a wide range of parameters, physical forcing alters bloom dynamics.
  • Zooplankton heterogeneity increases locally preceding phytoplankton blooms.

Conclusions:

  • Harmful algal bloom (HAB) formation is strongly dependent on both physical and biological ecosystem states.
  • Physical forcing, such as circulating flows, plays a critical role in plankton population dynamics.
  • Understanding physical heterogeneity is crucial for predicting oceanic population dynamics and HABs.