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Thyroid cytopathology: updates and molecular testing.

J Vance1, S M Gilani2

  • 1Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, U.S.A.

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|August 8, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardize thyroid lesion evaluation. Updates include new categories like noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to improve management.

Keywords:
Atypical cytologyFine needle aspirationMolecular testsNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cytopathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is crucial for evaluating thyroid nodules.
  • The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardizes FNA reporting.
  • Evolving molecular data necessitates updates to thyroid nodule classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of FNA in thyroid lesion assessment.
  • To discuss the impact of the Bethesda System (TBSRTC) on cytopathology reporting.
  • To highlight the introduction of new diagnostic categories and the role of molecular markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid FNA and cytopathology.
  • Analysis of the evolution of thyroid nodule classification systems.
  • Discussion of molecular advancements in thyroid lesion characterization.

Main Results:

  • FNA cytology, guided by TBSRTC, provides a standardized framework for thyroid lesion evaluation.
  • The classification has been revised to include entities like noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).
  • Indeterminate cytology results remain a challenge, with molecular markers showing promise for improved management.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized reporting systems like TBSRTC are essential for consistent thyroid FNA interpretation.
  • The recognition of NIFTP reflects advancements in understanding thyroid neoplasia.
  • Further development of molecular markers is critical for managing indeterminate thyroid cytology and optimizing patient care.