MicroRNA-124: An emerging therapeutic target in cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single-stranded RNAs, approximately 20-24 nucleotides in length, known as powerful posttranscriptional regulators. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in cellular processes by changing messenger RNA expression and are widely involved in human diseases, including tumors. It has been reported in the literature that miRNAs have a precise role in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, differentiation, and expression of coding genes. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) has reduced exparession in various human neoplasms and is believed to be related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors. In our review, we focus on the specific molecular functions of miR-124 and the downstream gene targets in major cancers, which provide preclinical evidence for the treatment of human cancer. Although some obstacles exist, miR-124 is still attracting intensive research focus as a promising and effective anticancer weapon.