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Triage Performance of School Personnel Using the SALT System
Daniel H Celik1, Francis R Mencl1, Michel Debacker2
11.Academic and Community Emergency Specialists,Uniontown,OhioUSA.
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|August 8, 2019
Summary
School personnel can effectively learn and apply Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treat/Transport (SALT) triage methods and hemorrhage control after brief training. This study demonstrates their capability in mass-casualty incident response, similar to medical professionals.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Medicine
- Disaster Preparedness
- Public Health Education
Background:
- School personnel often lack specialized medical training for mass-casualty incidents.
- Effective triage and hemorrhage control are critical skills in emergency response.
- The Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treat/Transport (SALT) triage system offers a structured approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate school personnel's ability to understand and apply SALT triage methods post-training.
- To assess their proficiency in hemorrhage control techniques, including tourniquet application.
- To compare their triage accuracy to that of medically trained personnel.
Main Methods:
- A prospective observational study involving school personnel from two schools.
- Participants received brief training on SALT triage and hemorrhage control.
- Triage accuracy was assessed using victim descriptions, and hemorrhage control was evaluated via an objective-structured clinical exam (OSCE).
Main Results:
- A total of 104 school personnel participated, with 81% being teachers.
- Overall triage accuracy was 79.2%, comparable to medically trained individuals.
- 92.3% of participants successfully passed the hemorrhage control OSCE, demonstrating correct tourniquet application.
Conclusions:
- Brief training enables school personnel to effectively perform SALT triage and hemorrhage control.
- This highlights the potential for non-medical personnel to contribute significantly during mass-casualty events.
- Future research should explore simulation, knowledge retention, and baseline medical knowledge.
Keywords:
AssessC-A-T: Combat-Application-TourniquetCPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitationEMS: Emergency Medical ServicesLife-saving interventionsMCI: mass-casualty incidentOSCE: objective-structured clinical examSALT: SortTreat/TransportEmergency Medical Servicesdisaster medicinemass-casualty incidentstourniquetstriage
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