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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

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A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
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Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

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Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

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Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
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Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes
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Iterative Trajectory Optimization for Physical-Layer Secure Buffer-Aided UAV Mobile Relaying.

Lingfeng Shen1,2, Ning Wang3,4, Xiang Ji1

  • 1School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) trajectories for secure communication relays. Maximizing secrecy rate, it finds that a distant eavesdropper enhances security and reduces energy consumption.

Keywords:
UAV mobile relaybuffer-aided relayingphysical-layer securitysecrecy ratetrajectory optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communications
  • Network Security
  • Robotics and Control Systems

Background:

  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is rapidly advancing, creating new opportunities for communication systems.
  • UAVs offer mobility and flexible deployment, ideal for relaying communications in challenging terrestrial environments.
  • Physical-layer security is crucial for protecting data transmitted wirelessly, especially with potential eavesdroppers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate optimal UAV trajectory design for a buffer-aided relaying system to maximize physical-layer security.
  • To enhance the overall secrecy rate in UAV-enabled mobile relaying systems with a randomly located eavesdropper.
  • To develop a tractable method for optimizing UAV trajectories under mobility and information causality constraints.

Main Methods:

  • A wireless channel model was established, incorporating UAV trajectory dynamics for improved secrecy.
  • An iterative optimization technique was employed to solve the non-convex trajectory design problem.
  • The problem was decomposed into progressive convex approximation problems for tractability and convergence analysis.

Main Results:

  • The iterative trajectory optimization method demonstrated effectiveness and fast convergence.
  • Simulation results confirmed that an eavesdropper's location significantly impacts system security performance.
  • A farther eavesdropper location was found to be beneficial for the system's overall secrecy rate and trajectory efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed iterative trajectory optimization is an effective approach for enhancing UAV-enabled secure communication.
  • The strategic placement of UAVs, considering eavesdropper location, is vital for maximizing secrecy and energy efficiency.
  • This research contributes to the development of more secure and efficient wireless communication systems leveraging UAVs.