Serum Na+ Level in Children Suffering from Acute Bronchiolitis: A Review

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Hyponatremia is a commonly overlooked important extrapulmonary manifestation of bronchiolitis. It is now known that the syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) occurs frequently in several pulmonary conditions including bronchiolitis which may lead to hyponatremia. In many studies,a good number of patients admitted with bronchiolitis were found to have hyponatremia e.g. Wilson et al. A high index of suspicion with prompt diagnosis and treatment can save life and prevent handicaps. Serum electrolyte level should be measured in all children hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Neurological complications may occur in hyponatremia and fluid therapy in vulnerable infants should be appropriately planned to reduce this risk.