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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

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According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

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Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts
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Molecular Profiling of the Invasive Tumor Microenvironment in a 3-Dimensional Model of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Ex vivo Fibroblasts

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Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Staging Models that Charactrize Risk and Enhance Prognosis.

Farid E Ahmed1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, The Brody School of Medicine (BSOM) at East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, U.S.A.

Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New molecular markers are needed to predict colorectal cancer (CRC) spread. Combining these markers into a gene expression index could improve treatment targeting for patients with intermediate-stage CRC.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Current colorectal cancer (CRC) staging relies on morphology, which is less effective for intermediate stages (Dukes B and C).
  • Despite advances, a notable percentage of patients experience recurrence or metastasis after surgical resection.
  • There is a need for improved prognostic tools to guide therapy and predict patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel molecular and biological markers for predicting CRC aggressiveness.
  • To develop a "predictive gene expression index" for identifying metastatic potential.
  • To enhance therapeutic targeting based on individual tumor biology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular and biological markers in colorectal cancer tissues.
  • Development of a multi-marker gene expression index.
  • Correlation of marker combinations with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential.

Main Results:

  • Established staging models show limitations in predicting outcomes for intermediate-stage CRC.
  • Molecular markers offer insights into tumor aggressiveness beyond traditional criteria.
  • A combined gene expression index shows promise for predicting distant spread.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular markers are crucial for refining colorectal cancer prognostication.
  • A "predictive gene expression index" can identify tumors with high metastatic potential.
  • This approach may lead to more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies for CRC patients.