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Conscientious objection: unmasking the impartial spectator.

Toni C Saad1

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Journal of Medical Ethics
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Summary

This study critiques the argument for accommodating conscientious objection in medicine using Adam Smith's "impartial spectator." It finds the objectivity claim unsubstantiated and questions the coherence of relying on moral absolutes while defining conscience as a social construct.

Keywords:
abortionconscientious objectionphilosophical ethics

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Moral Philosophy

Background:

  • Debate surrounding conscientious objection in medicine.
  • Adam Smith's concept of the 'impartial spectator' as a metaphor for conscience.
  • Ben-Moshe's argument for accommodating conscientious objection based on this metaphor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate Ben-Moshe's argument for conscientious objection.
  • To examine the claims of objectivity and coherence in the presented account of conscience.
  • To explore the philosophical underpinnings of conscientious objection in healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical critique of an existing argument.
  • Analysis of the concept of conscience as a social construct versus moral absolutes.
  • Examination of the 'impartial spectator' metaphor's applicability.

Main Results:

  • The argument for accommodating conscientious objection lacks substantiated objectivity.
  • The account implicitly relies on moral absolutes, contradicting its social construct definition of conscience.
  • The coherence and validity of the proposed accommodation are questioned.

Conclusions:

  • Ben-Moshe's argument for conscientious objection, while attempting objectivity, is philosophically flawed.
  • The integration of conscience as a social construct and moral absolutes presents a significant challenge.
  • Further discussion is needed on traditional accounts of conscience and future theses.