Current Directions in the Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation II - An Engineering Perspective

Area of Science:

• Bioelectronic Medicine
• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) is an emerging electroceutical therapy.
• Modulating the vagus nerve impacts brain-body interactions and physiological processes.
• Engineering aspects are crucial for aVNS efficiency and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the engineering aspects of auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS).
• To discuss technological advancements and regulatory considerations for aVNS.
• To bridge the gap between aVNS rationale and current research for patient application.

Main Methods:

• Review of engineering aspects discussed at international workshops on aVNS.
• Inclusion of insights from in silico modeling and closed-loop aVNS paradigms.
• Synthesis of information on technological advancements and regulatory barriers.

Main Results:

• Engineering aspects significantly influence aVNS efficiency and application.
• In silico modeling is vital for optimizing aVNS.
• Personalized electroceuticals with biofeedback represent future directions for aVNS.

Conclusions:

• Further research into engineering aspects is essential for advancing aVNS technology.
• Addressing safety and regulatory issues is critical for clinical translation.
• Optimized aVNS holds significant promise for therapeutic applications.