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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Disordered hyperuniform obstacles enhance sorting of dynamically chiral microswimmers.

Jie Su1, Huijun Jiang, Zhonghuai Hou

  • 1Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. hjjiang3@ustc.edu.cn hzhlj@ustc.edu.cn.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disordered hyperuniformity enables optimal sorting of chiral microswimmers in obstacle environments. This finding reveals new possibilities for active systems and disordered hyperuniformity applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Disordered hyperuniformity describes unique arrangements with novel physical properties.
  • Active systems, like microswimmers, offer potential for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of disordered hyperuniformity in active systems.
  • To demonstrate optimal sorting of dynamically chiral microswimmers in disordered hyperuniform obstacle environments.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating chiral microswimmers in various obstacle environments (disordered hyperuniform, regular, disordered).
  • Analyzing microswimmer-obstacle interactions, including collisions and trapping.
  • Tuning parameters such as obstacle density, driven force, and noise intensity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved optimal chirality sorting of microswimmers in disordered hyperuniform environments.
  • Identified a mechanism involving a balance between beneficial collisions and detrimental trapping.
  • Demonstrated that optimal sorting is tunable by adjusting system parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Disordered hyperuniformity can be effectively applied to active systems for controlled sorting.
  • The findings provide a new perspective for theoretical and experimental research in this area.
  • This work opens avenues for novel applications of disordered hyperuniformity in active matter.