Exopolysaccharides from Aspergillus terreus: Production, chemical elucidation and immunoactivity

Aspergillus terreus, a fungus commonly used in pharmaceutical industry to produce lovastatin and other secondary metabolites, has been reported to have beneficial biological properties. In this study the exopolysaccharides (AT-EPS) produced by A. terreus were evaluated as potential modulators of certain functions of macrophages. The production parameters for EPS obtained from the liquid culture broth of the studied fungus were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and indicated good correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The optimum conditions for AT-EPS extraction included fermentation at 28 °C, pH 8.79, under 98 rpm of agitation, using 2.39% glucose (carbon source) and 0.957% ammonium nitrate (nitrogen source). Under these optimized conditions, AT-EPS production was 1.34 g/L medium. The chemical analyses showed that AT-EPS was composed by mannose (Man; 40.5 mol%), galactose (Gal; 35.2 mol%), and glucose (Glc; 24.3 mol%), and the spectroscopic (FTIR; NMR) and methylation analyses indicated the presence of galactomannans, β-1,3-glucans, and glycogen-like glucans. AT-EPS was tested on murine macrophages to verify its immunoactivity and the treated cells were able to produce nitric oxide, superoxide anion, TNF-α and interleukin 6 similarly to the positive control cells. Furthermore, the macrophages treated with AT-EPS showed activated-like morphological alterations.