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Evaluating peer-influence processes in a prison-based therapeutic community: a dynamic network approach.

Derek A Kreager1, David R Schaefer2, Kimberly M Davidson3

  • 1Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Criminal Justice Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Incarcerated individuals in Therapeutic Communities (TCs) did not show peer influence on treatment engagement. Instead, inmates selected peers with similar engagement levels, influenced by racial homophily, not TC philosophy.

Keywords:
CorrectionsPeer influenceSocial networksTherapeutic communityTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Therapeutic Communities (TCs) are a common treatment for incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders.
  • TCs utilize peer group processes for behavioral and identity change.
  • Prior research has not adequately tested the peer influence mechanisms within TCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply dynamic network analysis to estimate peer influence processes in a TC.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying TC philosophy in a correctional setting.

Main Methods:

  • A stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) was used.
  • Ten months of social network data were collected from prisoner surveys in a TC unit (N=62) in a Pennsylvania prison.
  • Respondents (N=177) provided network and community role model nominations.

Main Results:

  • Treatment engagement was correlated with nominated peers, but peer influence on engagement was non-significant in longitudinal network models.
  • Peer influence was not significantly greater for perceived community role models.
  • Inmates selected peers with similar treatment engagement, primarily due to racial homophily.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment engagement diffusion was not observed in the sampled TC, contrary to the desired model.
  • Highly engaged residents clustered together with limited impact on less-engaged inmates.
  • Short program length and moderate-to-low treatment fidelity may explain the lack of peer influence.