Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
Published on: June 20, 2020
Improved accuracy and confidence with multiple-lead recordings from a single-lead mobile electrocardiographic device
Daniel R Frisch1, Max Weiss1, Sean J Dikdan1
1Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
Background:
Mobile electrocardiograms (mECGs) utilizing smartphone applications are an emerging technology. Typically, a Lead I rhythm strip is recorded. However, interpretation can be difficult in patients with sinus rhythm and low amplitude P-waves (SR-LAP) or atrial flutter (AFL). We hypothesized that patients could independently obtain multi-lead tracings using a commercial mECG device, and that cardiologists who interpreted the multi-lead tracings would make more accurate diagnoses and have more confidence in their interpretation compared to a single lead only.
Methods:
Thirty sets of recordings were obtained from 10 patients with either SR-LAP or AFL that was not apparent on Lead I on a standard ECG. Patients recorded Lead I, Lead II, and Lead V1 tracings using AliveCor's KardiaMobile mECG device. Twenty-nine cardiologists reviewed each patient's Lead I tracing, multi-lead tracings (Leads I, II, V1), and 12-lead ECG. Accuracy was noted and each cardiologist rated their level of confidence in their interpretation.
Results:
All patients were able to record their own single and multi-lead tracings. Single lead, multi-lead, and the 12-lead ECG yielded 36.4%, 84.3%, and 97.7% agreement with the established diagnosis, respectively (P < .01 for each comparison). Overall mean confidence scores (out of a score of 5) were 2.95, 3.50, and 4.47 for single lead, multi-lead, and the 12-lead ECG, respectively (P < .01 for each comparison).
Conclusions:
Patients were able to record their own multi-lead mECG tracings. Compared to a single lead recording, multi-lead mECGs significantly improved cardiologists' diagnostic accuracy and confidence in their interpretation approaching that of a standard 12-lead ECG.
Related Concept Videos
Improving Translational Accuracy
Improving Translational Accuracy
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
Confidence Coefficient

