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Pumpkin polysaccharides: Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic potential.

ShanChen1, Bilal Muhammad Khan1, Kit-Leong Cheong1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|August 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pumpkin polysaccharides, purified using advanced chromatography, show significant hypoglycemic activity and protect against diabetes-induced islet cell damage by reducing nitric oxide and oxidative stress.

Keywords:
Aqueous two-phase systemHypoglycemic activityPumpkin polysaccharidesStreptozotocinStructural characterization

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Pumpkin polysaccharides (PPs) are recognized for their potential health benefits.
  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
  • Streptozotocin (STZ) is a commonly used agent to induce experimental diabetes in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To separate and purify polysaccharides from pumpkin using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) combined with DEAE cellulose-52 column chromatography.
  • To characterize the structural features of the purified pumpkin polysaccharides.
  • To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity and protective effects of pumpkin polysaccharides on STZ-induced islet β-cell damage.

Main Methods:

  • Pumpkin powder was processed using ATPS and DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography to isolate neutral (ATPS-PP-1) and acidic (ATPS-PP-2) polysaccharide fractions.
  • Structural characterization of the polysaccharides involved analyzing their backbone linkages and molecular weight.
  • Hypoglycemic activity was assessed, and protective effects on STZ-damaged islet β-cells were evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) levels, NF-κB mRNA, iNOS mRNA expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.

Main Results:

  • Two purified fractions, ATPS-PP-1 (7.67 kDa) and ATPS-PP-2 (8.83 kDa), were obtained.
  • ATPS-PP-1, with a simpler backbone structure and lower molecular weight, exhibited superior hypoglycemic activity.
  • Both ATPS-PPs demonstrated significant protection of STZ-damaged islet β-cells by reducing NO, inhibiting NF-κB and iNOS mRNA overexpression, and restoring SOD levels, thereby mitigating oxidative damage.

Conclusions:

  • The combined ATPS and DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography method is effective for purifying bioactive pumpkin polysaccharides.
  • Pumpkin polysaccharides, particularly ATPS-PP-1, possess notable hypoglycemic properties.
  • These PPs offer significant protection against STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell damage, suggesting therapeutic potential for diabetes management.