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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: July 12, 2013

Manipulating the Mouse Genome Using Recombineering.

Kajal Biswas¹, Shyam K Sharan¹

¹Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702.

Advancements in Genetic Engineering

|August 13, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recombineering technology precisely modifies mouse genomes, enabling the creation of genetically engineered mouse models. These "designer" mice are crucial for studying gene function, disease, and developing new therapies.

Keywords:

Embryonic stem (ES) cell Mouse models bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)gene targeting knockout mice recombineering transgenic mice

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Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases

Published on: April 2, 2014

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Genetically engineered mouse models are essential for biological research and preclinical studies.
Advances in genome manipulation have significantly improved the generation of these models.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and applications of recombineering technology for generating genetically engineered mouse models.
To highlight the impact of recombineering on creating transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mouse models.

Main Methods:

Recombineering, a recombination-based genetic engineering method.
Precise genome modification independent of restriction enzyme sites.
Use of short homology arms (as low as 40 bases) for targeting constructs.

Main Results:

Recombineering allows precise insertion, deletion, or modification of DNA fragments of various sizes.
Facilitates the addition of selectable markers, reporter genes, or epitope tags.
Enables high-throughput generation of gene targeting vectors for mouse models.

Conclusions:

Recombineering has revolutionized the generation of genetically engineered mouse models.
These advanced mouse models are vital for understanding human diseases and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Future efforts focus on utilizing "designer" mice for therapeutic development against debilitating human diseases.