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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

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Publisher Correction: Chip-scale atomic diffractive optical elements.

Liron Stern1,2, Douglas G Bopp3,4, Susan A Schima3

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Time & Frequency Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA. liron.stern@nist.gov.

Nature Communications
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This paper has been amended. Please refer to the link at the top of the document for the updated version and revised findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Not specified in the abstract.

Context:

  • The original manuscript has undergone an amendment.

Purpose:

  • To inform readers about the publication of an amendment to the paper.

Summary:

  • An amendment to this scientific paper is now available.
  • Readers can access the updated version via a link provided at the top of the paper.

Impact:

  • Ensures readers are accessing the most current and accurate information.
  • Facilitates informed scientific discourse by providing access to revised findings.