Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Growth of Gold Dendritic Nanoforests on Titanium Nitride-coated Silicon Substrates
Published on: June 3, 2019
Influence of boron nitride reinforcement to improve high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium
Jose D Avila1, Amit Bandyopadhyay1
1W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Abstract:
Influence of boron nitride (BN) addition in commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) was characterized for their microstructural variation, hardness and oxidation kinetics. Feedstock powders Cp-Ti with 3 wt.% BN (3BN) and 6 wt.% BN (6BN) were prepared by roller mill followed by additive manufacturing using laser engineered net shaping (LENS™). Rate of oxidation was measured from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 1000°C for 50 h. Average instantaneous parabolic constants (k ) for Cp-Ti, 3BN and 6BN were 41.2±12.0, 28.6±2.8 and 18.2±9.2 mg2·cm-4·h-1, respectively. Cp-Ti displayed acicular α-Ti microstructure. After TGA, large equiaxed grains along with TiO2 formation at the grain boundaries was observed, which increased the hardness. With BN addition, plate-like TiN and needle-like TiB secondary phases were also observed. Hardness for Cp-Ti, 3BN and 6BN were 256.9, 424.0 and 548.3 HV0.2, respectively. Overall, a small addition of BN was effective in improving the oxidation resistance of Cp-Ti.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature
Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
Oxidation Numbers
Corrosion of Reinforcement
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
Reinforcement Schedules
Once a behavior is learned,...
Reinforcements in Concrete

