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The bacteriome of otitis media with effusion: Does it originate from the adenoid?
Oguz Ari1, Sema Karabudak1, M Tayyar Kalcioglu2
1Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Central Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and the diversity of bacteriome in middle ear effusion (MEE) and adenoid specimens of pediatric patients having otitis media with effusion (OME).
Materials And Methods:
Sample collection from children with OME followed by next generation sequencing. Seventeen adenoid and 43 middle ear effusion specimens from 25 children having OME were evaluated. Microbiome analysis was performed via Ion 16S rRNA metagenomics kit.
Results:
Twenty-two different bacterial species were identified from all of the samples analyzed. There were variations in the prevalence and relative abundance of the bacteriome observed between adenoid and MEE samples. MEE microbiome was significantly dominated by Alloicoccus otitis (44%), Turicella otitidis (6%), and Staphylococcus auricularis (3%). Whereas, Rothia mucilaginosa (39%), R. dentocariosa (11%), S. aureus (5%), Veillonella rogosae (2%), Granulicatella elegans (2%), Granulicatella adiacens (2%), Eikenella corrodens (1%), and Prevotella nanceiensis (1%) had significantly higher relative abundance in adenoid samples. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in alpha diversity of MEE and adenoid samples, whereas adenoid samples constituted a cluster in the beta diversity graph.
Conclusion:
Bacteriome of MEE is mostly dominated by A. otitis yet accompanied by other bacteria with lower relative abundances suggests that OME is likely to be a polymicrobial process. Despite similarities, significant differences in relative abundances of several predominant species between bacteriome in the MEE and adenoid put the theory that OME in children is originated from the adenoids under question.
Insights
The middle ear effusion (MEE) in otitis media with effusion (OME) is polymicrobial, dominated by Alloicoccus otitis. Differences in bacterial composition between MEE and adenoids challenge the theory of OME originating from adenoids in children.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Molecular Diagnostics
Background:
- Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common pediatric condition.
- The microbial etiology of OME is not fully understood.
- Investigating the bacteriome of middle ear effusion (MEE) and adenoids is crucial for understanding OME pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the composition and diversity of the bacteriome in MEE and adenoid specimens from pediatric patients with OME.
- To compare the microbial profiles between MEE and adenoid samples.
- To assess the potential origin of OME based on bacteriome analysis.
Main Methods:
- Specimens were collected from children diagnosed with OME.
- Next-generation sequencing (Ion 16S rRNA metagenomics kit) was employed for microbiome analysis.
- Seventeen adenoid and 43 MEE specimens from 25 children were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Twenty-two bacterial species were identified across all samples.
- MEE bacteriome was dominated by Alloicoccus otitis (44%), Turicella otitidis (6%), and Staphylococcus auricularis (3%).
- Adenoid samples showed higher relative abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa (39%) and other species. Alpha diversity was similar, but beta diversity showed distinct clustering for adenoid samples.
Conclusions:
- OME is a polymicrobial process, with A. otitis being a predominant species in MEE.
- Significant differences in bacterial relative abundances between MEE and adenoid bacteriomes question the adenoid origin theory for OME in children.
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