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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
Published on: November 23, 2019
Carpal kinematic changes after scaphoid nonunion: an in vivo study with four-dimensional CT imaging
Marieke G A de Roo1,2, Johannes G G Dobbe2, Chantal M A M van der Horst1
1Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Abstract:
The aim was to evaluate if motion between the scaphoid bone fragments is related to the position of the fracture line and if a scaphoid nonunion results in the uncoupling of the proximal and distal carpal row during wrist motion. The influence of dorsal intercalated segment instability on interfragmentary motion was also analysed. In this study, 12 patients were included with unilateral scaphoid nonunion. Four-dimensional computerized tomography was used to analyse flexion-extension and radioulnar deviation motion of both wrists. We found that an increased instability of the scaphoid fragments is associated with the presence of dorsal intercalated segment instability and is not dependent on the position of the fracture line relative to the scaphoid apex. Additionally, a scaphoid nonunion results in an uncoupling of the carpal rows.
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