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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

7.6K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

51.5K
Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography
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Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography

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How Can I Get This Bone to Heal?

Charalampos G Zalavras1, Randall E Marcus, John K Sontich

  • 1Professor of Orthopaedics, Los Angeles County & University of Southern California Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Instructional Course Lectures
|August 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nonunion treatment requires a personalized approach, addressing infection, optimizing biology, and ensuring mechanical stability for optimal bone healing and patient recovery. This strategy aims for efficient healing without complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Bone healing research

Background:

  • Nonunion presents a significant reconstructive challenge impacting patient quality of life.
  • Effective treatment necessitates a comprehensive assessment of patient and injury-specific factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential components for developing individualized treatment plans for bone nonunion.
  • To emphasize a multidisciplinary approach for maximizing healing potential.

Main Methods:

  • Careful assessment of bone, implants, infection, soft tissues, extremity function, and patient status.
  • Management of infection, optimization of biologic environment, and achievement of mechanical stability.

Main Results:

  • Individualized plans integrate infection control, biologic optimization (nutrition, systemic health, biologics, bone grafting), and stable fixation.
  • Early functional range of motion and weight-bearing are facilitated by appropriate fixation.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, individualized strategy is crucial for successful nonunion management.
  • The goal is to expedite bone healing while minimizing further complications and improving patient outcomes.