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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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In classical mechanics, motion is often described through relationships between spatial coordinates and time. A car moving along a straight highway with constant acceleration serves as a simple case where velocity is an explicit function of time. This scenario results in a linear equation, enabling straightforward analysis using basic differentiation techniques.In contrast, a satellite in circular orbit follows a path defined by an implicit function. The position of the satellite is constrained...
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Curves defined implicitly, where variables cannot be separated algebraically, require specialized techniques for analysis. The conchoid of Nicomedes exemplifies such a case. Its equation links x and y in a way that prevents isolation of one variable, making implicit differentiation essential to determine the slope and behavior at any point on the curve.The implicit form of the conchoid can be expressed as:To differentiate this equation, y is treated as a function of x, and the chain rule is...
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Hypnotic Suggestions Can Induce Rapid Change in Implicit Attitudes.

Pieter Van Dessel1, Jan De Houwer1

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University.

Psychological Science
|August 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hypnotic suggestions can alter automatic evaluations, challenging the idea that implicit attitudes are fixed. This research shows implicit evaluations can be rapidly revised by new information.

Keywords:
automatic evaluationcounterattitudinal informationhypnotic suggestionsimplicit attitudesimplicit-explicit dissociationopen dataopen materialspreregistered

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Automatic or implicit evaluations are often assumed to stem from distinct mental processes compared to controlled, explicit evaluations.
  • Implicit evaluations are traditionally thought to be resistant to change from counterattitudinal information, unlike explicit evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether counterattitudinal information can influence implicit evaluations.
  • To examine the role of hypnotic suggestions in processing counterattitudinal information and its effect on implicit evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with 60 and 72 participants, respectively.
  • A novel manipulation involved hypnotic suggestions to enhance participants' processing of counterattitudinal information.

Main Results:

  • Hypnotic suggestions significantly facilitated the impact of counterattitudinal information on implicit evaluations.
  • This indicates that implicit evaluations are more malleable than previously assumed.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit evaluations can be rapidly revised based on counterattitudinal information.
  • Belief-based processes may underlie both explicit and implicit evaluations, challenging prior distinctions.