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Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....

Hydrogen Bonds

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Published on: October 18, 2012

Metamaterial for Hydrogen Sensing.

Takaaki Beni, Naoki Yamasaku, Takuma Kurotsu

¹Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , VIC 3122 , Australia.

|August 16, 2019

Summary

This study presents a novel hydrogen sensor using plasmonic metasurfaces. The sensor achieves a 10-second reaction time and high sensitivity for detecting hydrogen gas.

Keywords:

hydrogen reactive materials hydrogen sensor metasurfaces optical detection plasmon absorbers plasmonics

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Chemical Sensing

Background:

Plasmonic metasurfaces offer unique optical properties for sensing applications.
Developing fast and sensitive hydrogen sensors is crucial for various industrial and safety applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a hydrogen sensor based on plasmonic metasurfaces with industry-required performance.
To investigate the sensor's mechanism and potential for other molecular detection.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a metasurface sensor with Y or WO3 phase change layer, Pd nanodisk, and Au mirror.
Detection of hydrogen via spectral shift in reflectance due to refractive index change.
Numerical modeling to analyze refractive index effects on spectral shifts.

Main Results:

The sensor achieved the industry-required 10 s reaction time and high sensitivity.
Direct reflectance readout of permittivity change was enabled by field enhancement.
Spectral shifts correlated with hydrogen uptake and refractive index changes.

Conclusions:

The plasmonic metasurface sensor effectively detects hydrogen with excellent performance.
The design is tunable for operation wavelength and applicable to other molecular sensing, including surface-enhanced IR absorption.