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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

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Published on: August 25, 2018

Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette Atomizers.

Monique Williams¹, Prue Talbot²

¹Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|August 17, 2019

Summary

Electronic cigarette (EC) atomizer designs changed significantly over three generations, evolving from complex components to simpler structures. This evolution impacts EC performance and aerosol composition.

Keywords:

atomizer cig-a-like clearomizer design features e-cigarette electronic cigarette mods

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Engineering
Public Health

Background:

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have undergone significant design evolution since their market introduction.
Understanding these design changes is crucial for assessing EC performance and aerosol characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the design changes in electronic cigarette (EC) atomizing units sold between 2011 and 2017.
To identify distinct atomizer design categories across three generations of ECs.

Main Methods:

Dissection and stereoscopic microscopy of atomizers from 34 EC brands.
Categorization of atomizer designs based on component presence and structure.

Main Results:

Five distinct atomizer designs were identified in first-generation ECs (cig-a-like/cartomizers), and three in third-generation ECs.
Design changes over time included increased atomizer size, removal of solder joints and fibers, and simplification of components.
Second and third-generation ECs featured larger reservoirs and batteries, with atomizing units typically lacking thick wires, fibers, and sheaths.

Conclusions:

Electronic cigarette atomizer designs are not standardized and are continuously evolving.
Observed design modifications may influence EC performance and the composition of aerosolized substances.
Further research into atomizer design's impact on aerosol generation is warranted.