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Species interactions mediate thermal evolution.

M Tseng1, Joey R Bernhardt2, Alexander E Chila1,3

  • 1Departments of Botany and Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada.

Evolutionary Applications
|August 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species interactions significantly impact how populations adapt to climate change. Resource evolution and predator presence alter Daphnia thermal evolution, highlighting the need to include these factors in ecological and evolutionary studies.

Keywords:
FlowCamadaptationalgaerapid evolutionspecies interactionstemperaturethermal evolutionthermal reaction normzooplankton

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Climate change necessitates rapid population adaptation, with evolutionary responses to warming being a key focus.
  • Species interactions are crucial but understudied mediators of population adaptation to thermal changes.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for predicting ecological and evolutionary responses to global warming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how species interactions mediate the thermal evolution of *Daphnia pulex*.
  • To test the roles of algal resource evolution and predator presence in *Daphnia* adaptation to warming.
  • To assess the cascading effects of resource thermal evolution on consumer adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory natural selection experiments using a freshwater community model.
  • Selection of *Daphnia pulex* (water flea) at two temperatures (12°C and 18°C).
  • Manipulation of the thermal evolution of the algal resource (*Scenedesmus obliquus*) and presence of a predator (*Chaoborus americanus*).

Main Results:

  • Cold-evolved algae (high-quality resource) enhanced thermal plasticity in *Daphnia* at 12°C for body size and growth rate.
  • Warm-evolved algae promoted thermal plasticity in *Daphnia* growth rates at 18°C.
  • Predator presence amplified the effect of selection temperature on *Daphnia* body size evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Trait evolution in response to thermal environments is influenced by both bottom-up (resource) and top-down (predator) species interactions.
  • Rapid thermal evolution of resources can have cascading impacts on consumer thermal evolution.
  • Incorporating species interactions is essential for accurate predictions of population and community responses to climate warming.