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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Reinventing the Wheel: Synthetic Circular RNAs for Mammalian Cell Engineering.

Alan Costello1, Nga T Lao2, Niall Barron3

  • 1National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, and Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)-Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.

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Summary

Synthetic circular RNAs are emerging as powerful tools for gene therapy and biologic production. This review explores their diverse functions and methods for creating these versatile RNA molecules.

Keywords:
biotechnologycircRNAcircular RNAsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Therapeutics

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are naturally occurring RNA molecules formed by non-collinear splicing of pre-mRNA.
  • Initially considered splicing artifacts, circRNAs are now recognized as abundant and functionally diverse in eukaryotes, involved in gene regulation and protein coding.
  • Recent advancements highlight the potential of synthetic circRNAs in biotechnology and medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging applications of synthetic circular RNA molecules.
  • To describe methodologies for the generation of synthetic circular RNAs.
  • To underscore the therapeutic and biotechnological promise of synthetic circRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent reports on synthetic circular RNA applications.
  • Analysis of methods used for generating synthetic circular RNA molecules.
  • Synthesis of information on circRNA functions in gene regulation and protein coding.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic circular RNAs show significant promise as gene therapies.
  • Applications in producing biologics via cell-based expression systems are demonstrated.
  • circRNAs play diverse roles in eukaryotic gene regulation and protein production.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic circular RNAs represent a rapidly advancing field with significant therapeutic and biotechnological potential.
  • Understanding circRNA generation methods is crucial for harnessing their capabilities.
  • The renaissance of circular RNA research opens new avenues for RNA-based therapies and biomanufacturing.