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Bonding to enamel using alternative Enamel Conditioner/etchants.

Chenmin Yao1, Mohammed H Ahmed2, Kumiko Yoshihara3

  • 1KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven 3000, Belgium; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.

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|August 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Three new alternative etchants were tested for enamel bond durability with three dental adhesives. Most combinations showed durable bonding, except for one specific etchant and adhesive pairing, indicating promising alternatives to traditional phosphoric acid etching.

Keywords:
AdhesiveEnamelLewis acidsPhosphoric acidTEMZirconium oxynitrate

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Adhesive dentistry
  • Biomaterials engineering

Background:

  • Traditional phosphoric acid etching is standard for enamel preparation in dental bonding.
  • Developing alternative etchants is crucial for improving bond durability and clinical efficacy.
  • Evaluating novel etchants with various adhesive systems is essential for advancing restorative dentistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the enamel bond durability of three new alternative etchants when used with three representative dental adhesives.
  • To compare the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of these combinations against established controls.
  • To investigate the effect of aging on bond strength and failure modes.

Main Methods:

  • Micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing was performed on immediate and aged samples.
  • Three adhesives (OptiBond FL, Clearfil SE Bond 2, Adhese Universal) were combined with three alternative etchants (Enamel Conditioner, Multi Etchant, ZON etchant) and phosphoric acid controls.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze etching patterns and interfacial morphology.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in immediate or aged μTBS was found between most alternative etchant/adhesive combinations and controls, except for Multi Etchant with OptiBond FL.
  • Aging led to a significant reduction in μTBS for Multi Etchant with Clearfil SE Bond 2 and Adhese Universal.
  • SEM revealed similar etching patterns for Enamel Conditioner and ZON etchant compared to phosphoric acid, with visible micro-resin tags.

Conclusions:

  • Durable enamel bonding was generally achieved with the tested alternative etchants and adhesive combinations.
  • The Multi Etchant/OptiBond FL combination demonstrated compromised bond durability.
  • Alternative etchants like Enamel Conditioner and ZON etchant show potential as replacements for phosphoric acid in dental bonding procedures.