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Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions: Earth system effects
Christoph C Raible1,2, Stefan Brönnimann1,3, Renate Auchmann1,3
1Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change
|August 20, 2019
Summary
The 1815 Tambora eruption caused global cooling and the "Year Without a Summer." This study synthesizes evidence from observations, proxies, and models to understand Tambora
Area of Science:
- Paleoclimatology
- Climate Science
- Volcanology
Background:
- The 1815 Tambora eruption significantly impacted global climate, causing the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816.
- This event serves as a critical natural experiment for understanding climate dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current understanding of the Tambora eruption's climate effects.
- To integrate findings from instrumental observations, climate proxies, geological evidence, reconstructions, and model simulations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of early instrumental observations.
- Examination of climate proxies and geological evidence.
- Review of climate reconstructions and model simulations.
Main Results:
- Global and Northern Hemisphere cooling are well-documented by proxies.
- Southern Hemisphere proxy data show no strong Tambora signal.
- Climate models simulate effects like polar vortex strengthening and water cycle slowdown.
Conclusions:
- Combining diverse data sources enhances understanding of Tambora's climate impacts.
- Uncertainties remain regarding aerosol distribution and altitude.
- Tambora provides insights into climate system responses to large volcanic eruptions.
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