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Thyroid function in pre-eclampsia.

T T Lao1, R K Chin, R Swaminathan

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.

British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|September 1, 1988
PubMed
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Pre-eclamptic patients show altered thyroid function, with lower total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels, and higher thyroid-stimulating hormone. This contrasts with previous findings of a low T3 syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is common in pregnancy, but its specific role in pre-eclampsia requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function in proteinuric pre-eclamptic patients.
  • To compare thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations between pre-eclamptic patients and healthy pregnant controls.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 24 proteinuric pre-eclamptic patients and 24 gestation-matched controls.
  • Measurement of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

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Main Results:

  • Pre-eclamptic patients exhibited significantly lower mean TT4, FT4, and TBG concentrations.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic group.
  • Mean TT3 concentration was similar to controls, differing from the classical low T3 syndrome.
  • A notable percentage of pre-eclamptic patients had low TT4 (33.3%) and TT3 (29.2%) levels.
  • Low TT4/TT3 concentrations correlated with significantly higher plasma urate levels.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone profiles in pre-eclampsia may differ from previously reported patterns, particularly regarding TT3 levels.
  • Altered thyroid function, including reduced TT4 and FT4, is associated with pre-eclampsia.
  • Thyroid hormone concentrations could serve as indicators of pre-eclampsia severity.