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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Grey Matters: 2006 and all that.

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    This article clarifies confusing aspects of the NHS dental contract in England. It offers practical interpretations for urgent care, mixed treatment, and defining a course of treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental Contract Law
    • Healthcare Policy Analysis

    Background:

    • The current National Health Service (NHS) dental contract in England has generated significant ambiguity.
    • Practitioners and patients face challenges in interpreting specific contract clauses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide context for the existing NHS dental contract in England.
    • To identify and clarify "grey areas" within the contract's interpretation.
    • To offer logical rationales for understanding complex clauses.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the NHS dental contract based on extensive practitioner and dento-legal advisory experience.
    • Identification of key areas of confusion and ambiguity.

    Main Results:

    • Specific "grey areas" identified include urgent treatment protocols, the mixing of NHS and private dental care, and the definition of a "course of treatment."
    • The authors provide reasoned interpretations for these ambiguous clauses.

    Conclusions:

    • Clearer interpretation of the NHS dental contract is essential for effective practice.
    • The article offers practical guidance for dentists navigating contract complexities.
    • Addressing these ambiguities can improve service delivery and reduce legal uncertainty.