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Understanding protein multifunctionality: from short linear motifs to cellular functions.

Andreas Zanzoni1, Diogo M Ribeiro1, Christine Brun2,3

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Summary

Moonlighting proteins have multiple functions without changing their structure. Short linear motifs and post-translational modifications (PTMs) act as key switches, regulating these diverse protein activities for cellular homeostasis.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsCell signalling regulationMolecular switchMoonlighting proteinsMultifunctional proteinsProtein interaction networksShort linear motifs

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Moonlighting proteins perform multiple, distinct functions without altering their amino acid sequence.
  • These proteins are crucial for coordinating cellular activities and responding to environmental changes, impacting biological system homeostasis.
  • Regulation of moonlighting protein functions in space and time is vital for maintaining cellular balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for identifying moonlighting proteins.
  • To highlight existing repositories of moonlighting proteins.
  • To emphasize the regulatory roles of short linear motifs and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in switching protein functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of identification approaches for moonlighting proteins.
  • Analysis of existing moonlighting protein databases and repositories.
  • Emphasis on the mechanisms of functional switching, particularly focusing on motifs and PTMs.

Main Results:

  • Various approaches exist for identifying moonlighting proteins.
  • Several repositories catalog known moonlighting proteins.
  • Short linear motifs and PTMs are significant regulatory factors controlling the switch between different protein functions.

Conclusions:

  • Moonlighting proteins are key regulators of cellular processes.
  • Understanding the regulation of moonlighting functions is critical for cell biology.
  • Short linear motifs and PTMs represent crucial regulatory switches for moonlighting protein activities.