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Contact Angle

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Binary Fission

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Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...

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Mixtures of Acids

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Related Experiment Video

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Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

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Binary Liquid Mixture Contact-Angle Measurements for Precise Estimation of Surface Free Energy.

Ziyang Zhang, Wenli Wang, Alexander N Korpacz

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|August 22, 2019

Summary

Determining surface energy precisely is crucial for understanding material interactions. This study introduces a contact angle method using binary liquid mixtures, significantly improving measurement accuracy for hydrophobic surfaces like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silane-derivatized glass.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Surface free energy is a critical parameter for characterizing liquid-solid interfacial interactions.
Accurate determination of surface energy is essential for predicting material behavior in various applications.
Existing methods can be limited by solvent purity and measurement precision.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a precise and reliable method for determining surface free energy.
To utilize binary liquid mixtures for enhanced accuracy in surface energy measurements.
To validate the approach on different hydrophobic surfaces.

Main Methods:

Contact angle measurements of binary liquid mixtures (water-DMSO, water-formamide, water-ethylene glycol, water-glycerol) on solid surfaces.
Application of the Owens-Wendt method for surface energy analysis.
Development of a mixing equation to estimate dispersive and polar surface tension components for binary mixtures.

Main Results:

The developed method using binary mixtures significantly reduced uncertainty in surface energy determination for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) compared to pure solvents.
Uncertainty decreased to below 13% with three mixtures and around 5% when combining data from four mixtures.
Consistent surface energy values were obtained for silane-derivatized glass surfaces using different binary mixtures (water-formamide and water-glycerol).

Conclusions:

Contact angle measurements with binary liquid mixtures offer a simple yet precise method for surface energy determination.
This approach enhances the accuracy of surface energy measurements, surpassing the precision of using multiple pure solvents alone.
The findings provide a valuable tool for surface characterization in materials science and related fields.