Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

What is Conservation Biology?

What is Conservation Biology?

Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.

Conservation of Small Populations

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...

Divergence and Curl

Divergence and Curl

The divergence of a vector field at a point is the net outward flow of the flux out of a small volume through a closed surface enclosing the volume, as the volume tends to zero. More practically, divergence measures how much a vector field spreads out or diverges from a given point. For an outgoing flux, conventionally, the divergence is positive. The diverging point is often called the "source" of the field. Meanwhile, the negative divergence of a vector field at a point means that the vector...

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...

Gene Duplication and Divergence

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Host-microbial interactions at the nasal mucosa in young children and adults: A retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

A Cross-Species Enhancer-AAV Toolkit for Cell Type-Specific Targeting Across the Basal Ganglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

FOXP1 is differentially active during development of murine vasopressin and oxytocin magnocellular neurons.

iScience·2026

Same author

Unraveling the spatial landscape of dystrophinopathies: a transcriptomic approach to Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies.

The Journal of pathology·2026

Same author

Technical and biological sources of noise confound multiplexed enhancer AAV screening.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Pool-packaged AAV libraries exhibit extensive length-dependent and homology-dependent chimerism.

Nature biotechnology·2026

Same journal

Family of magnetic field-boosted superconductors in rhombohedral graphene.

Nature·2026

Same journal

What's the human cost of US research turmoil? A new film finds out.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Daily briefing: Ovaries start a second job after menopause.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Audio long read: Is the peptide craze backed by science? The promise behind the hype.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Scientists fight back against far-right plans to restrict academic freedom in Germany.

Nature·2026

Same journal

How AI can crack open the 'hidden curriculum' for neurodivergent students.

Nature·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Published on: December 9, 2022

Conserved cell types with divergent features in human versus mouse cortex.

Rebecca D Hodge¹, Trygve E Bakken¹, Jeremy A Miller¹

¹Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.

|August 23, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped human cerebral cortex cell types using single-nucleus RNA sequencing. They found a conserved cellular architecture with mice, but also significant human-specific differences, highlighting the need for direct human brain studies.

More Related Videos

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Published on: September 25, 2021

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Published on: April 23, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Human Cortex as an Ex vivo Model for Human Stem Cell Transplantation and Validation

Published on: December 9, 2022

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Divergence of Root Microbiota in Different Habitats based on Weighted Correlation Networks

Published on: September 25, 2021

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Published on: April 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genomics
Cell Biology

Background:

Understanding the human cerebral cortex's cellular makeup is crucial for cognitive function and disease research.
Previous studies lacked comprehensive cell-type atlases for the human cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively characterize cell types in the human middle temporal gyrus.
To compare the human cortex's cellular architecture with that of the mouse cortex.

Main Methods:

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was employed on human middle temporal gyrus samples.
Comparative analysis with existing mouse cortex snRNA-seq datasets was performed.

Main Results:

Identification of diverse excitatory and inhibitory neuron types, with less layer restriction than anticipated for excitatory neurons.
Demonstration of a conserved cellular architecture between human and mouse cortex, allowing homologous cell type matching.
Discovery of significant species-specific differences in cell proportions, laminar distribution, gene expression, and morphology between human and mouse homologous cell types.

Conclusions:

The human cerebral cortex exhibits a complex cellular organization with both conserved and divergent features compared to the mouse brain.
Direct investigation of the human brain is essential for understanding human-specific neural properties and diseases.