Skeletal manifestations of hydatid cystic disease in Sudan

Hydatid bone disease is a zoonotic disease caused mainly by Echinococcus granulosus. Middle Eastern, African, and Mediterranean populations are endemically affected. Hydatid disease of the bone is a rare clinical condition that affects people with a history of animal contact. This research aims to revisit clinical presentations of hydatid cystic disease in the skeletal system.

Data of all clinical cases with hydatid cystic disease of the skeletal system, presenting between 2011 and 2016 were collected. Clinical manifestations and radiographic and histopathological reports were reviewed, and the patients were followed for a period of 12-22 months.

Two patients had hydatid disease in the spine, one in the pelvis, one in the sternum, and one in the femur. The symptoms were suggestive of pathological fractures and bony deformities. Spinal hydatid disease presented with nerve root compression and paraparesis in one case, and radicular pain in the other case. Sternal involvement of hydatid disease presented with pain and deformity, while femoral involvement presented with deformity and fracture. Surgical resection with a pre- and post-surgical anthelminthic course and application of the puncture, aspiration, injection, and aspiration (PAIR) technique were completed in four cases. One case showed residual disease during follow-up visits.

Hydatid cystic disease of the skeletal system is a rare presentation of a common disease. A multidisciplinary approach is optimal for the management of these cases. Long-term follow-up is mandatory to prevent complications and recurrence, and to monitor residual disabilities.