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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

Concise Synthesis of Macrocycles by Multicomponent Reactions.

Eman M M Abdelraheem^1,2, Samad Khaksar^1,3, Alexander Dömling¹

¹Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.

|August 24, 2019

Summary

Researchers developed a five-step synthesis for artificial macrocycles, enabling diverse substituent introduction. This versatile pathway creates novel molecules for targeting challenging biological systems.

Keywords:

Passerini reaction Ugi reaction amino acids isocyanides macrocycles

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

Artificial macrocycles are gaining interest for their potential in drug discovery.
They offer unique structural properties for targeting challenging biological molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

To devise a versatile and efficient synthetic pathway for creating a library of artificial macrocycles.
To enable the introduction of diverse chemical functionalities for tailored molecular design.

Main Methods:

A five-step reaction sequence was employed, starting with cyclic anhydride and diamine.
Key steps include esterification, amino acid isocyanide coupling, saponification, and macro-ring closure.
Ugi or Passerini multicomponent reactions were utilized for the final macro-ring closure.

Main Results:

A library of 15 different artificial macrocycles (18-27 membered) was synthesized on a millimole scale.
The pathway allows for versatile introduction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic substituents.
Three distinct steps offer flexibility for incorporating linker elements and side chains.

Conclusions:

The developed synthetic route is efficient and versatile for generating diverse artificial macrocycles.
This methodology provides access to novel macrocyclic compounds with potential applications in targeting difficult post-genomic targets.